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Classification of sedimentary rocks
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/classification-of-sedimentary-rocks/Sedimentary rocks are classified according to the predominant grain size present, as well as by their mineral content.
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Cutting gemstones
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/gemstones/cutting-gemstones/Faceted gemstones reveal the inherent qualities of a mineral, such as colour (or lack of it), clarity, fire and brilliance, which might otherwise remain hidden.
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Geological ore deposits
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/geological-deposits/geological-ore-deposits/Geological ore deposits are of many different types and occur in all geological environments.
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Mineral properties
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/properties/Minerals can be identified using a number of properties. These include physical and chemical properties such as hardness, density, cleavage and colour, crystallography, electrical conductivity, magnetism, radioactivity and fluorescence.
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Types of metamorphism
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/types-of-metamorphism/There are several different types of metamorphism, including dynamic, contact, regional, and retrogressive metamorphism, that form and shape rocks.
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The Sydney Basin
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/the-sydney-basin/The Sydney Basin is a major structural basin containing a thick Permian-Triassic (290 Ma - 200 Ma (million years old)) sedimentary sequence that is part of the much larger Sydney-Gunnedah-Bowen Basin.
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Lavas
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/lavas/One of the products of volcanic eruptions is lava. Lavas vary widely in composition depending upon their original source magma.
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Concretions, Thunder Eggs and Geodes
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/concretions-thunder-eggs-and-geodes/Concretions are compact, often rounded, accumulations of mineral matter that form inside sedimentary rocks such as shale and sandstone or in soil.
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Limestone caves
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/limestone-caves/Caves form in limestone (calcium carbonate), and occasionally in dolomite (calcium magnesium carbonate), when water containing dissolved carbon dioxide (carbonic acid) seeps into rock crevices and joints.
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Structure of volcanoes
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/structure-of-volcanoes/Although volcanoes are often seen as being destructive they are also constructive. They add more land to the surface of the Earth and, when weathered, provide us with a nutrient-rich soil for agriculture.
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